Writing-telegraph.



No. 675,496. Patented xune 4, 190|.`

A. PuLLAK & J. vmAG.

WRITING TELEGRAPH.

(Application filed Dec. 7, 1900.) (No Model.)

NIM L L 35 25' u :ullllnmmum l,

u -lllllllllllllllllll` x mlm m INVENTQRS; WITNESSES. MWF/2%@ No. @$15,496. Patented :une 4, Ism. A. PULLAK & J. vmAG.

WRITING TELEGRAPH.

(Application led Dec. 7, 1900.) (No Modal.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Finn Pimm Patented lune4 4, |90I.

A. PULLAK J. VIRAG.

yWRITING'-TELEfAPH.

(Application led Dec. 7, 1900.) (No Modal.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

Flaw

iam

ifs wie 45 .Fim

INVENTORS: www@ y' WITNESSES: MM

H wiptcharacters.

UrTTTnn STATES PATENT Oriucn.`

ASSIGNORS OF ONE-HALF GESELLSCHAFT, OF SAME VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

TO VEREINIGTE ELECTRICITATS AOTIEN- PLACE, AND

FRIEDRICH SILBERSTEN, OF

VVFlTlNGI-TELESRAlH.l

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 675,496, dated June 4, 1901.

Original application tiled .Tune 28, 1900, Serial No. 21.968. Divided and this application filed December 7, 1900. Serial No.39,02'7. (No model.)

To rtZZ wiz/m t may] concern:

Be it known that we, ANTON POLLAK and JOSEF VIRAG, residing at Budapest, in the Empire of Austria-Hungary, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Writing-lelegraphs, of which the following is-a speciiication.

This application is a division of our application, Serial No. 21,968, tiled June 28, 1900, and

Io is directed to the apparatus shown in that application for carrying into effect the method therein set forth.

This invention relates to systems of writing telegraphy-that is to say, to that form of telegraphic transmission wherein the receiving instrument is caused to trace in a substantially continuous unbroken outline the written letters composing the matter transmitted. TVe thus use the word trace in 2o this specilication and claims to indicate the generating ot' the letters or characters by the movements ofa single point, whereby it forms a substantially continuous line as distinguished from those systems in which the receiver has means for simultaneously forming a series of points or dots which are incapable of movement, and hence can trace continuous lines only by reason of the movement ot the paper past them. In such latter sys- 3o tems the vertical lines of the letters are formed by the simultaneous impression of a series of points or dots one above another.

In its preferred form this invention provides a system of telegraphy in which the characters so written or traced are automatically transmitted-that is to say, the matter is transmitted in the form of current impulses which are automatically ormechanically sent over the line-and in which the receiving in- 4o strument is acted upon by such impulses to record the transmitted matter in written or The written characters are distinguished by following a set or conventional form instead of being `assimile of characters written at the transmitting-station, as in the socalled facsimile -telegraphs or telautographs Hence the writingaccordin g to our system may be termed non-autographic.

5o Our system is distinguished from the common form of continuous-line-writing telegrz phy, in which the matter to be sent is manually written by the operator at the transmitting-station, the stylus at the receivingstation being caused to follow autographically the movements of the transmitting-pen. Disregarding the limitations imposed upon such systems by the necessary delicacy and complexity of construction, no rapid transmission is possible because of the necessarily 6o slow movements or' the manually-directed transmitting-pen; nor is rapid transmission possible in those systems of telegraphy in which the transmitted matter is broken up into dots and a current impulse sent over the line for each dot, to be reproduced in proper position by the synchronouslymoving receiving instrument to record what is, in ellect,

a facsimile of the message transmitted. The speed of transmission in such systems is ef- 7o feotively limited by the great number of impulses required t'or the transmission of each character.

The present invention provides a system, therefore, in which the message is recorded in ordinary written or script characters and in which a hitherto-unattained speed of transmission is reached.

The apparatus herein shown is designed to carry such systems into effect. In its pre- So ferred form such apparatus is of very simple construction and its operation is certain and reliable, regardless of the common variations in the condition of the line-circuit.

Our invention enables us to transmit telegraphically both open and closed characters, which are recorded by the receiving appa-` ratus in a clear and legible manner and in form closely corresponding to ordinary handwritin g. 9o

In the preferred form of our invention we combine with a suitable receiver capable of responding to current impulses a transmission apparatus capable of automatically sending over the line current impulses which vary in intensity and duration and preferably also in direction, such variations corresponding to the characters to be transmitted. The transb mitted impulses and their mutual relation are preferablycontrolled byasuitablestrip,which loo is perforated to correspond with each character to be transmitted. Each character is therefore sent over the line in the form of an impulse or a combination of impulses having such relation to each other that they cause the receiver to move in such manner as to write or trace the character sent.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate our invention, Figure 1 is a reproduction of the Gothic character a. Fig. 2 represents a transmission-strip having suitable perforations for influencing the receiver to reproduce the character illustrated in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a reproduction of the first six letters of the Gothic alphabet. Fig. 4 is a view of the transmission-strip perforated to produce these characters. Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view showing the transmission and receiving` apparatus. Fig. 6 is a reproduction of the Latin letter a Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic View of Fig. 6, illustrating the formation of said letter. Fig. 8 illustrates the perforations for transmitting such letter. Fig. 9 is a reproduction of a connected series of Latin letters. Fig. 10 is a view of the transmission-strip having perforations corresponding thereto. Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic view Villustrating the form of apparatus used for sending closed characters. Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic view ofa similar apparatus. Fig. 13 1s a diagram Vof a modification. Fig. 14is a diagram illustrating the common movements of the vibrating diaphragm. Fig. 15 is a vertical section of one form of receiving apparatus. Fig. 1G is a plan thereof with the mirror or reiiector removed. Fig. 17 is a plan of another or double receiving apparatus with the mirror removed. Fig.18 is a vertical section thereof, and Fig. 19 is a plan view showing the mirror and its mounting means in detail.

Our invention enables us to transmit televgraphically both open and closed characters.

For the sake of simplicity of explanation, however, we will provisionally assume that the characters to be written are as simple as possible-that is, characters in which no closed lines occur. Most of the Gothic letters are of this character and also part of the written Latin letters.

In the construction of our apparatus shown in the drawings we make use of an oscillating telephone-receiver77 of any suitable construction-as, for instance, that shown in Figs. 15 and 16. In these figuresa mirror 15 is mounted upon an edge 41, about which' it mayvoscillate. A light spring 51 is fixed at one end to the receiver and at its other end is formed with an edge or point 49, which bears against the under side of the mirror. Between the spring 51 and the diaphragm 42 of the receiver is interposeda light rod 50, which transmits the vibrations of the diaphragm to the mirror at one side ot' its axis 41, and thus tilts the mirror in accordance with such vibrations. Preferably the mirror has an iron plate fixed to its back and is held in position upon its. axis 41 by the magnetic field generated by a suitable magnet N S. The mirror is adapted to direct a ray of light from a source 14 onto a sensitive strip 16, moving in the direction of the arrow in accordance with the positive or negative impulses passing through the coil of an electromagnet 13, introducedin the line, which impulses attract or repel the diaphragm 42. Fig. 14 illustrates the ordinary movements of a ray of light deiected by the mirror when the latter is tilted in opposite directions from its position of rest by current impulses of opposite polarity. Receivers of this type are well known under the name of oscillometers, examples of which are described by Blondell in the ElectricictmVol. 30, p. 571.

Fig. 1 of the annexed drawings illustrates the written Gothic letter a, which will be seen to consist entirely of substantially upward and downward lines. Starting from a suitable level a, the line constituting this letter passes downwardly and thence upwardly to the same level at b. Such a line will be termed herein a letter element. The line from l) to c, constituting the second letter elementin the letter a, corresponds in contour withthe first element, but is smaller in size. The third element of the letter shown consists of the line from c to d, which corresponds in size and form with the first element. Consequently the letter a consists of three letter elements, and of these three the second element differs from the first and third only in size. As the amplitude of the vibrations of the receiver depends upon the intensity of the current impulses received by it, it will be seen that to produce the letter a at the receivingstation the transmitting device should be capable of sending an impulse, for instance, of medium intensity and duration to form the rst element. A slight intermission should then take place in order to enable the diaphragm of the receiver to assume its original position, after which an impulse of lower intensity and much shorter duration is transmitted, which is followed by a short intermission to again enable the diaphragm to assume its original position. The third element is produced by an impulse of the same intensity and duration as the first. In the same manner other letters can be divided up into a few elements. It will be observed that two factors are active in the production of such letters-iirst, the movement of the sensitized strip, the direction of which is indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1, and, second, the movement of the ray of light caused by the receiver. If the mirror of the receiving apparatus were mounted to @sen-f late upon an .axis extending parallel to the directionmovement of the paper, the two lines of the letter element ct ZJ would diverge from a vertical line with approximately the same degree of angularity. The desirable slant of the letter is obtained by mounting this mirror upon an axis extending obliquely IOO IIO

` such to such direction. Such slant may be as great as desired, but preferably approximates that of ordinary handwriting.

Our invention provides an automatic transmitter which is capable of sending current impulses over the line which correspond to the direction and size of a single letter element. The means we prefer for accomplishing this result will now be described with reference to Fig. 5. Upon a shaft G are mounted several conducting-disks 7, 8, 9, and l0, which are insulated from each other by any suitable material and form a rotary drum, which is driven, for instance, by a small electromotor 3i. The disks 7, 8, 9, and 10 are connected to points of different potential and preferably also of different polarity of a battery l by wires 2, 3, et, and 5. It is obvious that when the line-wire is connected to any one of such points of different polarity and potential of the battery a current impulse will flow over the line-wire and influence the receiver in accordance with the character of the impulse. Any suitable means for automatically transmitting impulses corresponding with the letter or character to' be sent may be employed; but we have shown the perforated strip ll, which is fed over the drum by the rotation of the latter, and above nected to the line and which is adapted to transmit impulses over the line in accordance with the position and length of the perforations passing under it. According to our invention the strip is perforated according to the characteristic impulses which are necessary for the production of each letter to be transmitted. Thus in Fig. 2 the perforation a b corresponds in position to the disk 9, connected with the point of medium intensity and (for instance) positive direction of the battery l. The perforation l) c corresponds with the disk S, which is of positive direction and lower intensity, and the perforation c CZ corresponds with the perforation a b. The letter elements shown in Fig. l are produced by the perforations shown in Fig. 2 and are of one polarity or direction-as, for instance, positive-assuming that the writing is to start from a middle line, (indicated at a.) The let ter elements extending above this middle line may be produced in such ease by a negative impulse. ln Fig. 3 we have shown the rst six letters of the Gothic alphabet and in Fig. i a transmission-strip perforated to correspond therewith. Assuming that the lines recorded below the middle line are produced by positive impulses, those above will be produced by negative impulses. Thus in the letter b the upper perforation corresponds in position to the disk 7 and produces the upward element of this letter. In the letter f the lower perforation corresponds in position to the disk lO, and hence transmits a positive impulse of greater intensity than the disk 9, which is manifested at the receiving-station by a greater amplitude of movement of the strip is located a brush 12, which is conl diaphragm and mirror, and hence a longer element is recorded. lf the writing is started at an upper or lower line, the polarity of the impn lses may be constantly the same and only the intensity and duration need be variable.

The foregoing description renders it clear that for the recording of any of the different characters only a few*on an average not more than three-perforations will be required. If complicated characters are to be recorded, however, these characters must be subdivided into a greater number of elements, and the length and mutual relations of the perforations of the transmitting-strip must be selected in accordance with the nature of the elements which are to be recorded.

If the characters to be transmitted should not consist of elements transverse to a horizontal line, but also of elements extending in the same direction as the line-that is to say, closed letterswthe single elements are formed by two components acting transversely to each other, and the transmission of separate current impulses corresponding to the character of these components is necessary. In this case two transmitters are required, each of which is adapted to transmit impulses corresponding to the nature of one of these two components.

Fig. G of the drawings illustrates a written Latin letter a,7 and Fig. 7 illustrates the line representing the components corresponding to the nature of the elements of this letter and indicating the kind of current impulses which are transmitted to the receiver.

Fig. S illustrates the perforations correspending to the written Latin letter a. In transmitting letters of this character two transmitting apparatus are used and preferably two receiving apparatus. A receiving apparatus corresponding to that shown in Fig. 5 is employed for the purpose of reflecting the ray of light transversely of the writing-line in the same manner as before dey scribed. In Fig. 7 the direction of reflection of this mirror is indicated by the arrows e. For the purpose of directing the ray of light rellected by this mirror in the direction of movement of the sensitive strip we employ a second receiving apparatus, similar to the first, but having its mirror mounted upon an axis extended angularly to that of the first and which is adapted to direct the ray of light approximatelyin the direction indicated by the arrow j'. In Fig. 7, starting from the line g, an impulse of medium intensity acting upon the first mirror produces a downward line Ain the direction indicated by the arrow-heads. At approximately the point 7L an impulse reaches the second mirror, which tends to deflect the ray of light rearwardly, the resultant of this compound reflection carrying the ray of light to a point 1f. At this point the impulse upon the iirst mirror is cut off, with the result that while the second mirror is still acting to rellect the ray of light rearwardly the direction of such ray is modi- ICO IIO

ied by the elasticity of the first diaphragm, which tends to assume its position of rest. At the pointj, the effect of the impulse upon the second mirror being exhausted, it is now moved by its diaphragm toward its position of rest, which would direct the ray of light to the point 7L were it not that the first mirror, still moved bythe elasticity of its diaphragm, tends to move such ray to the point g. The two mirrors thus modify each others effect upon the ray of light, which thus follows the direction indicated and reaches the normal level at the point 7c. A succeeding impulse, acting upon the first mirror alone, now directs the ray to the point l, whence it returns to its level by the elasticity of its diaphragm.

In Fig. 8 is illustrated the three perforations which are necessary to produce the letter a in their correct relative positions. The perforations 'm act to produce the movements of the first mirror and the perforation n to produce that of the second mirror. By the proper selection and location of the perforations of the transmitting-strip any of the letters of the alphabet may be reproduced.

Fig. 9 represents a faithful copy of two groups of letters written by the apparatus herein described, and Fig. 10 illustrates the perforations of the transmission-strip corresponding to these letters.

In Fig. 11 is shown one suitable form of transmitting and receiving apparatus. In this figure are shown two batteries or parts of batteries 32 and 33, insulated from each other, and two groups of disks 19 and 20, connected to said batteries at points of different polarity and intensity. Separate brushes 21 and 22, respectively, conduct the current from the groups 19 and 20, the brush 21 being connected to the receiving apparatus 25 and the brush 22 with the receiving apparatus 26. The current returns to the battery through the earth, a common line-wire, or separate line-wires 27 and 28, as desired, to the points O of the batteries. For the sake of simplicity the two insulated groups 10 and 2O are united in a single drum mounted on a shaft 23, and for the same reason the perforations which respectively influence the receiving apparatus 25 and 26 are formed in a single strip 24. The two receiving apparatus -25 and 26 are each similar to that shown in Fig. 5, the receiver 25, which may correspond to the firsty receiving apparatus just mentioned, being adapted to direct the ray of light up and down upon the sensitized strip 31 and the receiving apparatus 2G being adapted to direct such ray horizontally or longitudinally of the strip. A ray of light from ya source 30, which first falls upon the mirror of the receiver 26, from which it is reflected to that of the receiver 25 and thence upon the sensitive strip 31, moving in the direction of the arrow, traces on such strip a line corresponding to the combined movements of both mirrors. The mirrors of the two receivers are shown as oscillating upon axes eX- tending at substantially right angles to each other; but such axes may be relatively arranged as desired, depending upon the direction of the components by which the letter elements are formed.

In order to sharpen the record, we prefer to employ a condenser or condensers 1S, which are connected in parallel with the receiving instrument, as shown in Fig. 5, and we also prefer to employ suitable self-inductors 17, which overcome to a great degree the capacity, self-induction, and resistance of the line.

For the purpose of obtaining the clearest and most legible reproduction of the letters it is obviously necessary that there be a certain difference of phase between the current impulses corresponding to the several components of the letter elements, and with a certain method of perforation this is accomplished by the location of the brushes and can be regulated by the adjustment of same. In order also to regulate the difference of phases at the receiving-station, the capacity of one or the other of the two condensers, Figs. 11 and 12, coupled parallel to each of the telephone-receivers, mayV be suitably modified, or adjustable self-inductors 35 are used with the receivers. In some cases both these regulating devices may be simultaneously used.

In the construction of apparatus just described, which allows of the recording of closed-letter elements, the two receivers may be so united that (with the use of the telephone-receivers) the diaphragms of the two receivers are so connected with one single mirror that each diaphragm individually and both jointly are allowed to control the motion of the mirror, this construction being shown in Figs. 17, 1S, and 19. In these figures the mirror (which is omitted for clearness) is mounted upon three points 46, 46, and 47, two of which, 46 46, are shown as adjustable relatively to the fixed point 47. Each of the points 46 is formed on the end of a light spring 45,

which springs are fixed at their other ends to the poles of suitable magnets N S N S. The springs 45 45 are connected to diaphragms 43 by light rods 44 44, (see Fig. 18,) and each is vibrated in accordance with the vibrations of its diaphragm, such vibrations being communicated to the mirror. The exact points on the mirror against which the points 46 46 act are determined in practice by the character of movement desired to be imparted to the mirror by each diaphragm. The point 47 may be carried by a suitable arm 48, as shown in Fig. 17. The mirror is preferably provided with an iron back, so that it is held firmly to its supporting-points by the magnetic fields generated by the magnets N S N S. With this construction the use of a second mirror becomes, of course, superiiuous.

As this invention is devised to enable the most rapid transmission of telegraphic de- Y spatches, it is desirable for the purpose of pre- IOO IIO

venting disturbances in the line to cut in at the start of the line parallel self-inducting lines 17, Figs. 5 and ll, as before described, and in this case the manner of making connection, as shown in Fig. ll, may be so modified that one part 19 of the transmitteris connected in one loop with the corresponding part 25 of the receiver, and the other part 2O of the transmitter is connected to the center of the self-inductorf), While the corresponding part 2G of the receiver is cut in a line starting from the center of the rst part 25, returning through the earth. This arrangement of connections presents the advantage that the loop is free from induction and the other line has only slight resistance and slight self-induction.

It will be understood that the transmitter may be variously constructed-as, for instance, as shown in Fig. 13, where the single points of the battery are not connected with the disks forming the parts of the drum, but with the requisite number of mutually-insulated brushes 36 37 3S 39 etO, in Which case the formation ofthe drum of single insulated disks becomes unnecessary. The electrical connection is in this case only changed in so far that the drum of the transmitter is connected to the line.

Obviously other means for the automatic transmission of current impulses may be used instead of the perforated strip of paper.

XVe have described with reference to our present invention a receiver which is capable of tracing a continuous line. Itis to be observed, however, that this language refers more directly to the capabilityor adaptability of the receiving instrument of performing such movements than to the actual record produced. For instance, the breaking up or disconnecting of the outlines of the characters would not avoid the invention, this and other similar modifications being Within the scope of our improvements.

We do not limit ourselves to the construetion ofapparatusherein set forth, as any suitable mechanism in this or in analogous arts which is capable of carrying our system of telegraphic transmission into effect will be Within our invention.

We have described our invention with reference to only Latin and Gothic characters; but it is applicable to those of other forma tions, and it is to be understood that the terms employed in the claims are also intended to cover such other characters, signs, or symbols as acquire individuality or meaning by reason of their shapes, outlines, or contours rather than those elementary signs such as are illustrated by the Morse alphabet, for instance, Which are intelligible largely by reason of their repetition, arrangement, or permutations.

Ve claim as our invention the followingdefined novel features, substantially as hereinbefore specified, namely:

l. In a writing-telegraph, the combination with a transmitter adapted to mechanically impose upon the line for each character of the message to be transmitted a definite and predetermined number of current impulses, of a receiver adapted when acted upon by such impulses to trace the message transmitted in script characters.

2. In a Writing-telegraph, the combination with a transmitter adapted to mechanically impose upon the line for each character of the message to be transmitted a definite and predetermined number of current impulses, which correspond in intensityand mutual relation to the elements ol such characters, of a receiver adapted when acted upon by such impulses to trace the message transmitted in script characters.

3. In a Writingtelegraph, the combination With a transmitter adapted to mechanically impose upon the line for each character of the message to be transmitted a definite and predetermined number of current impulses Which correspond in intensity, duration and mutual relation to the elements of such characters, of a receiver adapted when acted upon by such impulses to trace the message transmitted in script characters.

4. In a Writing-telegraph, the combination with a transmitter adapted to mechanically impose upon the line for each character of the message to be transmitted a delinite and predetermined number of current impulses, which correspond in intensity, duration, direction and mutual relation to the elements of such characters, of a receiver adapted when acted upon by such impulses to trace the message transmitted in script characters.

5. In a Writing-telegraph, the combination With a transmitter adapted to mechanically impose upon the line for each character of the message to be transmitted a definite and predetermined number of current impulses, comprising a means for producing varied im pulses, and a moving body having means for governing the production of such impulses, of a .receiver adapted when acted upon by such impulses to trace the message transmitted in script characters.

6. In a Writing-telegraph, the combination With a transmitter adapted to mechanically impose upon the line for each character of the message to be transmitted a definite and predetermined number of current impulses, comprising a means for producing varied impulses, and a moving body formed with perforations for governing the production of such impulses, of a receiver adapted when acted upon by such impulses to trace the message transmitted in script characters.

7. In a writing-telegraph, the combination with a transmitter adapted to mechanically impose upon the line for each character ot' the message to be transmitted a denite and predetermined number of current impulses, comprising a plurality of contacts adapted to be electrically connected with sources of current of different intensity, a perforated strip IOO IIO

having perforations of different length and arrangement, and a connection for leading 4current impulses to the line in accordance with the position and length of such perforations, of a receiver adapted when acted upon by such impulses to trace the message transmitted in script characters.

8. In a Writing-telegraph, the combination with a transmitter adapted to mechanically impose upon the line for each character of the message to be transmitted a definite and predetermined number of current impulses, comprising means for moving a perforated strip, a plurality of contacts on one side of said strip, connected to sources of current of different intensities, a circuit connection on the other side of said strip, and such strip having rows of perforations corresponding with the respective contacts, and having perforations of varying length, its perforations being arranged in groups for the individual characters, and those of each group corresponding in position and lengthwith the intensity and duration of the impulses required to transmit the elements of its special character, of a receiver adapted when acted upon yby such impulses to trace the message transmitted in script characters.

9. In a Writing-telegraph, the combination with a transmitter adapted to mechanically impose upon the line for each character of the message to be transmitted a definite and predetermined number of current impulses, comprising a means for producing impulses of different duration and direction, and a moving body governing the prod uction of such impulses, ot a receiver adapted when acted upon by such impulses to trace the message transmitted in script characters;

' 10. In awriting-telegraph, the combination with a transmitter adapted to mechanically impose upon the line for each character of the message to be transmitted a definite and predetermined number of current impulses, of a vibratory receiver adapted when acted upon by such current impulses to trace in script characters the message transmitted.

lil. In aWriting-telegraph, the combination with a transmitter adapted to mechanically impose upon the line for each character of the message to be transmitted a definite and predetermined number of current impulses, of a receiver having a mirror adapted to refleet a ray ot' light, and said-receiver having an electroresponsive part adapted when acted upon by such current impulses to vibrate said mirror to trace with said ray of light the message transmitted in the form of script characters, and a sensitive strip for recording the movements of such ray of light.

l2. In a Writing-telegraph, the combination With a transmitter adapted to mechanically impose upon the line a definite and predetermined number ot current impulses, corresponding to the components of the characters to be transmitted, of a receiver adapted to simultaneously respond to current impulses corresponding to such components, and under the in tluence of such impulses to trace script characters in a line which is the resultant of such components.

13. In a writing-telegraph, the combination with a transmitter adapted to mechanically impose upon the line a definite and predetermined number of current impulses, corresponding to the components of the characters to be transmitted, of a receiver having electroresponsive parts adapted to simultaneously respond respectively to current impulses corresponding to the respective components and means controlled thereby adapted to trace script characters in aline which is the resultant of such components.

14. Ina Writing-telegraph, lthe combination with a transmitter adapted to mechanically impose upon the line a definite and prede- `tei-mined number of current impulses, corresponding to the components of the characters to be transmitted, of a receiver having movable parts adapted to simultaneously respond respectively to current im pulses corresponding to the respective components, and a means for combining the movements ot` the simultaneously-moving parts in a line which is the resultant of said components, whereby to trace script characters.

15. In a writing-telegraph, the combination.

with a transmitter adapted to mechanically impose upon the line a definite and predetermined number of current impulses, corresponding to the components of the characters to be transmitted, of a receiver having vibrating parts adapted to oscillate in directions corresponding to such components and to trace script characters in a line which is the resultant of such components.

16. In a writing-telegraph, the combination with a means for imposing upon the line current impulses corresponding to the components ot the characters to be transmitted, of a receiver adapted to reflect a ray of light in a line which is the resultant ot said components, and a sensitive strip for recording the movements of said mirror.

17. A receiver comprising means for reflecting a ray of light, means for projecting a ray ot' light upon said reflecting means, and two members adapted to move said reflecting means in such manner as to move said ray of light in tra usverse directions, whereby said members by their combined movements trace with such ray of light a line which is the resultant of said movements,

1S. A receiving apparatus comprising a mirror and a plurality of moving'parts, adapted to impart to said mirror movements in different directions, and adapted When simultaneously acting against said mirror to move itin aline which is the resultant of their combined movements.

19. A receiving apparatus comprising two elastic diaphragms,an electromagnet for each diaphragm, a mirror adapted to tilt about a point, and a connection from each of said IOC diaphragms to said mirror, said connections acting against said mirror at different points, so that they act to move said mirror in different directions when said diaphragms are independently vibrated, and in a resultant direction when said diaphragms are simultaneously vibrated.

20. In awriting-telegraph, the combination with a receiver adapted when acted upou'by suitable current impulses to trace script characters, of a transmitter adapted to automatically transmit current impulses which correspond to the elements of the characters to be transmitted.

2l. In a writing-telegraph, the combination with a receiver adapted when acted upon by suitable current impulses to trace script characters, of a trf-tnsmitter adapted to automatically transmit current impulses so varying in duration, intensity and mutual relation that such impulses shall act upon the receiver to cause the latter to produce script characters corresponding to such impulses.

22. In a writing-telegraph, the combination with a receiver adapted when acted upon by suitable current impulses to trace script characters, of a transmitter adapted to automatically transmit current impulses of variable duration, intensity and mutual relation in groups corresponding` to the characters to be transmitted.

In a writing-telegraph, the combination with a receiver adapted when acted upon by suitable current impulses to trace script characters, ot a transmitter adapted to automatically transmit current impulses which correspend with the elements of the characters to be transmitted, comprising a moving body formed with perforations corresponding to such elements, and means acting` in connection with such body for automatically transmit-ting impulses corresponding in duration and intensity with the character and position of such perforations.

2l. In a writing-telegraph, the combination with a transmitter comprising a plurality of contacts electrically connected with sources of current of diiterent intensity, a perforated strip having perforations of diiferent size, and a brush for leading current impulses to the line in accordance with the position and size of such pertorations, of a receiver adapted to move under the influence of such transmitted impulses to a varying extent dependent upon the character of said impulses, and thereby to trace script characters in accordance with the impulses transmitted.

In a writing-telegraph, the combin ation with a receiver adapted when acted upon by suitable current impulses to trace script characters, of a transmitter adapted to automatically transmit current impulses which correspond with the elements of the characters to be transmitted, comprising a moving body formed with perforations corresponding to such elementsJ and means acting in connection with such body, for automatically trans- `mitting impulses corresponding in intensity,

duration and direction, with the character and position of such pertorations.

26. Ina writing-telegraph, the combination with a transmitter adapted to automatically and simultaneously transmit current impulses corresponding to the components ot the characters to be transmitted, of a receiver having parts adapted to move in directions corresponding to the current impulses, and to combine their simultaneous movements in a line which is the resultant ot` said components, whereby to produce written characters.

27. In a writiiig-telegraph, the combination with a transmitter adapted to automatically send impulses corresponding respectively to two transverse ditt'erent components of Written characters, and a receiving instrument adapted to be acted upon by said impulses individually, and thereby to produce said components and to combine said components in a single line, whereby to produce written characters.

2S. In a writing-telegraph, an automatic transmitter having two parts insulated from each other, each of said parts being connected to a suitable source of current, means acting in connection with each of said parts for transmitting current impulses of different intensity and duration corresponding to the elements of the characters to be transmitted, means for conducting said impulses to the receiving-station, and a receiver adapted to receive the impulses from the two parts of thc transmitter and to trace the message transmitted in script characters.

29. In a writing-telegraph, the combination with a transmitter adapted to automatically transmit current impulses corresponding to the characters to be transmitted, of a receiver adapted to receive such current impulses and having an elastic vibrating part adapted to be vibrated by such impulses whereby to trace script characters corresponding to the transmitted impulses.

30. In a writing-telegraph, the combination with a transmitter adapted to automatically transmit current impulses corresponding to the transverse components of the characters to be transmitted, of a receiver having vibrating parts adapted to oseillate in directions corresponding to the current impulsos, and to combine their movements in a line which is the resultant of said components, whereby to produce written characters.

3l. In a Writing-telegraph, the combination with a transmitter adapted to automatically transmit current impulses corresponding to the characters to be transmitted, of a vibratory receiver having a mirror adapted to re- Heet a ray of light in accordance with the transmitted impulses, and a sensitive strip for recording the movements of such ray of light, whereby to record the message transmitted in script characters.

32. In awritiiig-telegraph, the combination with a transmitter adapted to automatically transmit current impulses corresponding to the components of the characters to be trans` mitted, of a receiver having vibrating parts adapted to oscillate in'directions corresponding to the current impulses, means for refleeting a ray of light in a line which is the resultant of said components, whereby to produce written characters, and a sensitive strip-upon which said lines are recorded.

33. An apparatus for the transmission of telegrams comprising a transmitter having two parts insulated from each other, and a receiver having two moving parts, one part of said transmitter connected to the corresponding part of vthe receiver by a loop, and the other part of said transmitter connected to the other part of the receiver by the two parallel branch lines of said loop.

34. In a writing-telegraph, a transmitter having' ltwo parts each adapted to mechanically produce for the characters of the message to be transmitted deinite and predetermined numbers of current impulses, a receiverhaving two corresponding parts adapted to be moved by such impulses to trace script characters, line-wires connecting the corresponding parts of the receiver and transmitter, and condensers of variable capacity in parallel with the receiver.

35. In a Writing-telegraph, a transmitter having two parts each adapted to mechanically produce for the characters of the message to he transmitted definite and predetermined numbers of current impulses, a receiver having two 'corresponding parts adapted to be moved by such impulses to trace script characters, line-wires connecting the corresponding parts of the receiver and transmitter, and adjustable self-inductors in series with the receiver.

36. In a writing-telegraph, a transmitter having two parts each adapted to mechanically produce for the characters of the message to be transmitted definite and predetermined numbers of current impulses, a receiver having two corresponding parts adapted to be movedby such impulses to trace script characters,linewires connecting the corresponding parts of the receiver and transmitter, condensers of variable capacity in parallel with the receiver, and adjustable selE-inductors in series with the receiver.

37. In a writing-telegraph, the combination with a receiver having a means adapted,when acted upon by suitable current impulses, to trace the outlines of script characters, of a transmitter adapted to automatically produce such impulses.

3S. In a writing-telegraph, the combination witha receiver having a means adapted,when acted upon by current impulses corresponding to the transverse components of written characters, to combine such components so as to trace the outlines of such characters, of a transmitter adapted to automatically produce such impulses. l

39. In a writing-telegraph, the combination with a receiver having a means adapted, when acted upon by suitable current impulses, to in tluence a ray of light to trace the outlines of script characters, of a transmitter adapted to produce such impulses.

40. In a writing-telegraph, the combination with a receiver havinga means adapted,when simultaneously acted upon by current impulses corresponding to the components of written characters, to combine s-uch components and iniiuence a ray of lightin such manner as to trace the resultant of such components,of a transmitter adapted to produce current impulses corresponding to the components of the characters to be sent.

4l. In receiving apparatus for writing-telegraphs, a mirror, a plurality ofvibrat-ing members, means adapted, when acted upon by current impulses, to independently vibrate such members, and connections between such v ibrating members and said mirror, acting to produce movements of the latter in different directions.

In witness whereof we have hereunto signed our names in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ANTON POLLAK. JOSEF VIRAGr.

Vitnesses:

FRANK DYER CHEsTnR, Louis VANDoR. 

